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Black Sea Basinscale and Mesoscale
Dynamics
and their Dependence on Wind
forcing and Bottom Topography
Andrei Zatsepin
P.P. Shirshov Institute
of Oceanology Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
ABSTRACT
The general element of the classical
theory of the Black Sea basin-scale circulation is the Rim current (RC)
flowing cyclonically along the continental slope. Broad oceanographic
application of the satellite data during the past decades has also
revealed energetic mesoscale eddy-like structures that provide an
effective cross-basin exchange. The aim of this report is to describe
and discuss physical mechanisms of interaction between the RC and
mesoscale eddies and their dependences on wind forcing and bottom
topography. The study was based on the analysis of field observations
and results of laboratory modeling. It was revealed by observations that
in the northeastern Black Sea, having a very narrow continental slope,
the topographic control of RC is weaker. The position and stability of
RC is governed by the Ekman pumping. Under the strong (positive) Ekman
pumping, which is more typical for the winter period, RC is a coherent
and strong jet located over the continental slope. In this case, the
lateral, cross-jet, exchange is relatively weak as the coastal and deep
waters are separated by the dynamical front. In the alternative case of
weak Ekman pumping, which is more typical for the Spring-Summer time, RC
becomes unstable, meanders and breaks up into eddies producing strong
lateral exchange. The effects of the wind forcing and bottom topography
on the along-shore current, dynamically similar to RC, were studied in
the laboratory experiment with the two-layer fluid in circular tank
placed on the rotating table. It was shown that in case, when the width
L of the continental slope is smaller or equal to the baroclinic Rossby
deformation radius R, the influence of the bottom topography on the
stability and structure of the along-shore current was negligible. After
the decline or termination of the wind forcing, the along-shore current
shifted in the off-shore direction, became unstable and disintegrated
into eddies, providing an intensive water exchange between the
near-shore zone and deep regions. The timescale of the disintegration
process was approximately 20-30 laboratory days - similar to that
observed in natural conditions. In the case when L was equal to or
larger than 2R, the instability was rather weak and had a wave-like
nature. No energetic eddies were formed in this regime, and exchange
between the near-shore and deep regions was reduced. The results of this
study allow us to conclude that in the northeastern Black Sea, having a
very narrow continental slope, the topographic control of RC is weak.
The position and stability of the along-shore current are controlled by
the Ekman pumping. The general mechanism of the mesoscale eddy formation
is the instability of RC after the decrease of the Ekman pumping. In the
northwestern Black sea, where the slope is wide (L is close to 4R), both
the RC and mesoscale eddies are topographically controlled.
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