International Pacific Research Center | People

H. Annamalai

Associate Director
Research Professor of Oceanography

International Pacific Research Center
School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
University of Hawaii
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822

Phone: (808) 956-5646
Fax: (808) 956-9425
Email:
Webpage: http://iprc.soest.hawaii.edu/users/hanna/

Education

Ph. D. - 1995, Atmospheric Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. Title: A diagnostic and predictive study of the Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall variability
M.Tech. - 1986, Atmospheric Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
M.Sc.- 1984, Physics, Madurai University, India
B.Sc. - 1982, Physics, Madurai University, India

Research Interests

Diagnostic and Modeling aspects of the Asian Summer Monsoon system
Prediction and Predictability of the Asian Summer Monsoon system
Dynamical and Physical link between Monsoon-ENSO
Asian Summer Monsoon system and Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation
Predictability of the Tropical Climate system

Scientific Work Experience

Senior Researcher, International Pacific Researcher, SOEST, University of Hawaii, 2009 – present
Associate Researcher, International Pacific Researcher, SOEST, University of Hawaii, 2004 – 2009
Assistant Researcher, International Pacific Researcher, SOEST, University of Hawaii, 2001 – 2004
Visiting Assistant Researcher, International Pacific Research Center (IPRC), SOEST, University of Hawaii, USA, 1999 – 2001
Post-doctoral Research Scientist, CGAM, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, U.K, in the EC funded Monsoon Project SHIVA, 1996 – 1999
Project Associate, Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 1994 – 1996
Senior Research fellow at the Department of Physics and Meteorology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 1988 – 1993

Professional Service and Activities

Invited Lectures in International Conferences

Relationship between Intraseasonal and Interannual variability of the Asian Summer Monsoon: Invited talk at the Scale Interactions session, European Geophysical Society (EGS-98) Annual Conference, April 1998, Nice, France
Interannual variability of the Indian summer monsoon: Invited talk at the Workshop: El Nino, Southern Oscillation and Monsoon, 15-26 July, 1996, ICTP, Trieste, Italy

Reviewer for International Journals

Journal of Climate
Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society
Weather
Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics

International Project (on-going)

H. Annamalai, J.M. Slingo and K.R. Sperber: Intraseasonal Variability of the Asian Summer Monsoon: Intercomparison of the Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCMs) participating in AMIP II phase

Refereed Publications

Annamalai, H., R. Neale, and J. Hafner, in press: ENSO-induced teleconnection:process-oriented diagnostics to assess Rossby wave sources and ambient flow properties in climate models. J. Climate, IPRC-1591.
Annamalai, H., in press: Unprecedented monsoon precipitation over southwest Pakistan in 2022: Regional processes in moistening the climatological heat low. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, IPRC-1624.
Hsu, W.-C., K. Kikuchi, H. Annamalai, and K.J. Richards, in press: Assessing the representation of ISO-related ocean forcing in the tropics in atmospheric reanalyses. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, IPRC-1552.
Guo, X., N. Zhao, T. Nasuno, K. Kikuchi, M. Nakano, and H. Annamalai, 2023: Distinct features of atmospheric rivers over the western North Pacific in post–El Niño and non-post–El Niño summers. J. Climate, 36 (24), 8313-8330, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0244.1. IPRC-1609.
Takahashi, N., K.J. Richards, N. Schneider, M.F. Stuecker, H. Annamalai, and M. Nonaka, 2023: Observed relative contributions of anomalous heat fluxes and effective heat capacity to sea surface temperature variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 50 (17), e2023GL103165, doi:10.1029/2023GL103165. IPRC-1605.
Guo, X., N. Zhao, K. Kikuchi, T. Nasuno, M. Nakano, and H. Annamalai, 2021: Atmospheric Rivers over the Indo-Pacific and its Associations with Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation. J. Climate, , 1-46, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0290.1. IPRC-1533.
Jia, Y., K. J. Richards, and H. Annamalai, 2021: The impact of vertical resolution in reducing biases in sea surface temperature in a tropical Pacific Ocean model. Ocean Modelling, 157, 101722, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101722. IPRC-1487.
Takahashi, N., K.J. Richards, N. Schneider, H. Annamalai, W.-C. Hsu, and M. Nonaka, 2021: Formation Mechanism of Warm SST Anomalies in 2010s Around Hawaii. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, , e2021JC017763, doi:10.1029/2021JC017763. IPRC-1546.
Annamalai, H., 2020: ENSO precipitation anomalies along the equatorial Pacific: Moist static energy framework diagnostics. J. Climate, , doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0374.1. IPRC-1460.
Beal, L., J. Vilarad, M.K. Roxy, J. Li, M. Andres, H. Annamalai, et al., 2020: A roadmap to IndOOS-2: Better observations of the rapidly-warming Indian Ocean. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., , doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0209.1. IPRC-1450.
Hanf, F.S., and H. Annamalai, 2020: Systematic errors in South Asian monsoon precipitation: Process-based diagnostics and sensitivity to entrainment in NCAR models. J. Climate, 33 (7), 2817-2840, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0495.1. IPRC-1425.
Long, X., M.J. Widlansky, F. Schloesser, P. R. Thompson, H. Annamalai, M.A. Merrifield, and H. Yoon, 2020: Higher Sea Levels at Hawaii Caused by Strong El Niño and Weak Trade Winds. J. Climate, 33, 3037-3059, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0221.1. IPRC-1452.
Meehl, G.A., C. Shields, J.M. Arblaster, H. Annamalai, and R. Neale, 2020: Intraseasonal, seasonal, and interannual characteristics of regional monsoon simulations in CESM2. J. Adv. Model. Earth Sys., 12 (6), e2019MS001962, doi:10.1029/2019MS001962. IPRC-1443.
Sperber, K.R., H. Annamalai, and G. Pallotta, 2020: CMIP5: a Monte Carlo assessment of changes in summertime precipitation characteristics under RCP8.5‑sensitivity to annual cycle fidelity, overconfidence, and gaussianity. Clim. Dyn., 54, 1699-1727, doi:10.1007/s00382-019-05082-8. IPRC-1426.
Hermes, J.C., Y. Masumoto, L.M. Beal, M.K. Roxy, J. Vialard, M. Andres, H. Annamalai, et al., 2019: A Sustained Ocean Observing System in the Indian Ocean for Climate Related Scientific Knowledge and Societal Needs. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 43851, doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00355. IPRC-1389.
Maloney, E., A. Gettelman, Y. Ming, J. D. Neelin, D. Barrie, A. Mariotti, C.-C. Chen, Yi-Hung Kuo, B. Singh, H. Annamalai, et al., 2019: A Framework for Process-Oriented Evaluation of Climate and Weather Forecasting Models. The NOAA MAPP Model Diagnostics Task Force: "Process-oriented evaluation of climate and weather forecasting models." Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 100 (9), 1665-1686, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0042.1 . IPRC-1427.
Mohan, T.S., H. Annamalai, L. Marx, B. Huang, and J. Kinter, 2018: Representation of Ocean-Atmosphere Processes Associated with Extended Monsoon Episodes over South Asia in CFSv2. Front. Earth Sci., 6, doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00009.
Nagura, M., J.P. McCreary, and H. Annamalai, 2018: Origins of Coupled Model Biases in the Arabian Sea Climatological State. J. Climate, 31 (5), 2005-2029, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0417.1. IPRC-1311.
Samiappan, S.., H. Annamalai, P. Venkataraman, H. Jan, and B. Narasimhan, 2018: Impact of regional climate model projected changes on rice yield over southern India. Int. J. Climatol., 38 (6), 2838-2851, doi:10.1002/joc.5466.
Smitha, P.S., B. Narasimhan, K.P. Sudheer, and H. Annamalai, 2018: An improved bias correction method of daily rainfall data using a sliding window technique for climate change impact assessment. Journal of Hydrology, 556, 100-118, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.11.010.
Storlazzi, C.D., S.B. Gingerich, A.V Dongeren, O.M. Cheriton, P. W. Swarzenski, E. Quataert, C.I. Voss, D.W. Field, H. Annamalai, G.A. Piniak, and R. McCall, 2018: Most atolls will be uninhabitable by the mid-21st century because of sea-level rise exacerbating wave-driven flooding. Sci. Adv., 4 (4), eaap9741, doi:10.1126/sciadv.aap9741.
Widlansky, M.J., H. Annamalai, S.B. Gingerich, C.D. Storlazzi, J.J. Marra, K.I. Hodges, B. Choy, and A. Kitoh, 2018: Tropical cyclone projections: Changing climate threats for Pacific Island defense installations. Weather Climate and Society, 11 (1), 3-15, doi:10.1175/WCAS-D-17-0112.1.
Annamalai, H., B. Taguchi, J.P. McCreary, M. Nagura, and T. Miyama, 2017: Systematic Errors in South Asian Monsoon Simulation: Importance of Equatorial Indian Ocean Processes. J. Climate, 30 (19), 8159-8178, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0573.1. IPRC-1278.
Hanf, F.S., H. Annamalai, A. Rinke, and K. Dethloff, 2017: South Asian summer monsoon breaks: Process-based diagnostics in HIRHAM5. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122 (9), 4880-4902, doi:10.1002/2016JD025967. IPRC-1249.
Ratnam, J.V., S.K. Behera, H. Annamalai, S.B. Ratna, M. Rajeevan, and T. Yamagata, 2016: ENSO’s far-reaching connection to Indian cold waves. Nature - Scientific Reports, 6, 37657, doi:10.1038/srep37657. IPRC-1220.
Annamalai, H., V. Keener, M.J. Widlansky, and J. Hafner, 2015: El Niño Strengthens in the Pacific: Preparing for the Impacts of Drought. AsiaPacific Issues, (122), 1‐10. IPRC-1162.
Annamalai, H., J. Hafner, A. Kumar, and H. Wang, 2014: A Framework for Dynamical Seasonal Prediction of Precipitation over the Pacific Islands. J. Climate, 27 (9), 3272-3297, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00379.1. IPRC-1041.
Cherchi, A., H. Annamalai, S. Masina, and A. Navarra, 2014: South Asian summer monsoon and the eastern Mediterranean climate: the monsoon-desert mechanism in CMIP5 simulations. J. Climate, 27 (18), 6877-6903, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00530.1. IPRC-1056.
Sperber, K.R., and H. Annamalai, 2014: The use of fractional accumulated precipitation for the evaluation of the annual cycle of monsoons. Clim. Dyn., 43 (12), 3219‐3244, doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2099-3. IPRC-1050.
Pillai, P., and H. Annamalai, 2012: Moist Dynamics of Severe Monsoons over South Asia: Role of the Tropical SST. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 97-115, DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-11-056.1.
Prasanna, V., and H. Annamalai, 2012: Moist dynamics of extended monsoon breaks over South Asia. J. Climate., 25, 3810-3831, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00459.1.
Ajayamohan, R.S., H. Annamalai, J.-J. Luo, J. Hafner, and T. Yamagata, 2011: Poleward Propagation of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillations in a Coupled Model: Role of Internal Processes. Clim. Dyn., 37, 851-867, DOI: 10.1007/s00382-010-0839-6.
Annamalai, H., 2011: Modeling the Monsoons in a Changing Climate In E. Carayannis (Ed.), Planet Earth 2011 - Global Warming Challenges and Opportunities for Policy and Practice, InTech, ISBN 978-953-307-733-8, doi:10.5772/24041. IPRC-803.
Nagothu, U. S., B. Geethalakshmi, H. Annamalai, A. Lakshmanan, 2011: Sustainable rice production on a warmer planet: Linking science, stakeholders and policy. New Delhi, Macmillan Publ. India, Ltd.
Annamalai, H., 2010: Moist dynamical linkage between the equatorial Indian Ocean and the south Asian monsoon trough. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 589-610.
Annamalai, H., S. Kida and J. Hafner, 2010: Potential impact of the tropical Indian Ocean - Indonesian Seas on El Niño characteristics. J. Climate, 23, 3933-3952.
Liu, P., Y. Kajikawa, B. Wang, A. Kitoh, T. Yasunari, T. Li, H. Annamalai, X. Fu, K. Kikuchi, R. Mizuta, K. Rajendran, D. E. Waliser, and D. Kim, 2009: Tropical Intraseasonal Variability in the MRI-20km60L AGCM. J. Climate, 22 (8), 2006-2022, doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2406.1.
Liu, P., M. Satoh, B. Wang, H. Fudeyasu, T. Nasuno, T. Li, H. Miura, H. Taniguchi, H. Masunaga, X. Fu, and H. Annamalai, 2009: An MJO Simulated by the NICAM at 14-km and 7-km Resolutions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 3254-3268.
Stowasser, M., H. Annamalai, and J. Hafner, 2009: Response of the South Asian Summer Monsoon to global warming: Mean and Synoptic systems. J. Climate, 22 (4), 1014-1036.
Sperber, K.R., and H. Annamalai, 2008: Coupled model simulations of boreal summer intraseasonal (30-50 day) variability, Part I: Systematic errors and caution on use of metrics. Clim. Dyn., 31, 345-372.
Annamalai, H., K. Hamilton, and K.R. Sperber, 2007: South Asian Summer Monsoon and its relationship with ENSO in the IPCC AR4 simulations. J. Climate, 20,1071-1092.
Annamalai, H., H. Okajima, and M. Watanabe, 2007: Possible impact of the Indian Ocean SST on the Northern Hemisphere circulation during El Niño. J. Climate, 20, 3164-3189.
Annamalai, H., and P. Liu, 2005: Response of the Asian Summer Monsoon to changes in ENSO properties. Quart. J. Royal Met. Soc., 131, 805-831.
Annamalai, H., and K.R. Sperber, 2005: Regional heat sources and the active and break phases of boreal summer intraseasonal (30-50 day) variability. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2726-2748.
Annamalai, H., P. Liu, and S.-P. Xie, 2005: Southwest Indian Ocean SST variability: Its local effect and remote influence on Asian Monsoons. J. Climate, 18, 4150-4167.
Annamalai, H., J. Potemra, R. Murtugudde, and J.P. McCreary, 2005: Effect of preconditioning on the extreme climate events in the tropical Indian Ocean. J. Climate, 18, 3450-3469.
Annamalai, H., S.-P. Xie, J.P. McCreary, and R. Murtugudde, 2005: Impact of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature on developing El Niño. J. Climate, 18, 302-319.
Annamalai, H., and R. Murtugudde, 2004: Role of the Indian Ocean in regional climate variability. In Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie and J.A. Carton (eds.), AGU Geophysical Monograph, 147, 213-246.
Annamalai, H., R. Murtugudde, J. Potemra, S.P. Xie, P. Liu, and B. Wang, 2003: Coupled dynamics over the Indian Ocean: Spring initiation of the zonal mode. Deep Sea Research II, 50, 2305-2330.
Xie, S.-P., H. Annamalai, F.A. Schott, and J.P. McCreary, 2002: Structure and mechanisms of South Indian Ocean climate variability. J. Climate, 15, 864-878.
Annamalai, H., and J.M. Slingo, 2001: Active/break cycles: Diagnosis of the intraseasonal variability of the Asian summer monsoon. Climate Dynamics, 18, 85-102.
Sperber, K.R., J.M. Slingo, and H. Annamalai, 2000: Predictability and the relationship between subseasonal and interannual variability during the Asian summer monsoon. Quart. Journal of the Royal Met. Society, 126, 2545-2574.
Slingo, J.M., and H. Annamalai, 2000: 1997: The El Niño of the century and the response of the Indian summer monsoon. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 1778-1797.
Goswami, B.N., V. Krishnamurthy, and H. Annamalai, 1999: A Broad scale circulation index for the Interannual variability of the Indian summer monsoon. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 125, 611-633.
Annamalai, H., J.M. Slingo, K.R. Sperber, and K. Hodges, 1999: The Mean evolution and Variability of the Asian summer monsoon: Comparison of ECMWF and NCEP/NCAR Reanalyses. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1157-1186.
Annamalai, H., J.M. Slingo, K. Hodges, R. Rupakumar and P. Tschuck, 1998: SHIVA Atlas: Climatology of the Asian Summer Monsoon, 1979-95. Published by European Commission funded SHIVA project.
Annamalai, H., and J.M. Slingo, 1998: The Asian summer monsoon, 1997. Weather, 53, 284-287.
Goswami, B.N., and H. Annamalai, 1996: Origin of a trend in ECMWF wind analysis and its objective removal. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Earth Planet Sci), 105, 101-117.
Annamalai, H., 1995: Intrinsic problems in the seasonal prediction of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Met. Atmos. Phys., 55, 61-76.

Scientific Reports

K.R. Sperber, J.M. Slingo, and H. Annamalai, 1999: Predictability and relationship between subseasonal and interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon. PCMDI, Scientic Report, 1999.
M.J. Rodwell, H. Annamalai, M.K. Soman, and J.M. Slingo: The Asian summer monsoon of 1996. UGAMP Technical report, 1998.
B.N. Goswami, V. Krishnamurthy, and H. Annamalai, 1997: A broad scale circulation index for the interannual variability of the Indian summer monsoon. COLA, Technical Report, No. 46.