International Pacific Research Center | People

Shang-Ping Xie

Roger Revelle Professor, SIO/UCSD
Professor of Atmospheric Sciences, SOEST/UH
[Past Staff]

International Pacific Research Center
School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
University of Hawaii
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822

Phone: (858) 822-0053
Fax: (858) 822-0302
Email:

Education

D.Sc., Tohoku University, Japan, 1991
M.Sc., Tohoku University, Japan, 1988
B.Sc., Shandong College of Oceanography, China, 1984

Professional Experience

Roger Revelle Professor, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, 2012 – present
Professor of Meteorology, SOEST, University of Hawaii, 2002 – 2016
Associate Professor of Meteorology, SOEST, University of Hawaii, 1999 – 2002
Associate Professor, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Japan, 1994 – 1999
Research Associate, JISAO, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 1993 – 1994
Program Scientist, AOS Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 1991 – 1993

Research Interests

Large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction
Climate dynamics
General circulation of the atmosphere and oceans

Awards and Service

Medal of the Meteorological Society of Japan
Editor, Journal of Climate, 2006 – present
Japan Ministry of Education (Monbusho) Scholarship, 1986 – 1991
The Yamamoto-Shyono Medal from Meteorological Society of Japan for "fundamental contributions to the understanding of the intertropical convergence zone in the Pacific Ocean through the Tellus 1994 paper", 1996
Contributor, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Scientific Assessment, 1999 – 2000
Editor, Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan, 2000 – 2006

National Committees

Member, US CLIVAR Pan American Implementation Panel, 2000 – present
Member, Indo-Pacific Oceans Panel, Earth Science and Technology Organization (ESTO), 1997 – 2000

Courses Taught

Undergraduate: Mechanics, Science of Climate Change, Lab of the Science of Ocean-Atmospheric Flows
Graduate: Climate Dynamics, Lab of Ocean Data Analysis, Seminar on Meteorology

Journal Reviews

J. Climate, J. Atmospheric Sciences, J. Physical Oceanography, J. Meteorological Society of Japan, Tenki, J. Oceanography, Oceanologica Acta, J. Geophysical Research, Geophysical Research Letters, Atmospheric Science Letters, Quarterly J. of Royal Meteorological Society, Progress in Oceanography

Articles in Refereed Journals

2021

Zhang, Y., S. Yu, D. J. Amaya, Y. Kosaka, S. M. Larson, X. Wang, J.-C. Yang, M. F. Stuecker, S.-P. Xie, A. J. Miller, and X. Lin, 2021: Pacific Meridional Modes without Equatorial Pacific Influence. J. Climate, , 1-51, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0573.1. IPRC-1511.

2020

Kang, S. M., S.-P. Xie, Y. Shin, H. Kim, Y.-T. Hwang, M.F. Stuecker, B. Xiang, and M. Hawcroft, 2020: Walker circulation response to extratropical radiative forcing. Science Advances, 6 (47), doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd3021. IPRC-1476.

2018

Kilpatrick, T., S.-P. Xie, N. Schneider, and A.J. Miller, 2018: Satellite observations of enhanced chlorophyll variability in the Southern California Bight. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 123 (10), 7550-7563, doi:10.1029/2018JC014248. IPRC-1384.

2015

Chikamoto, Y., A. Timmermann, J.-J. Luo, T. Mochizuki, M. Kimoto, M. Watanabe, M. Ishii, S.-P. Xie, and F.-F. Jin, 2015: Skillful multi-year predictions of tropical trans-basin climate variability. Nat. Commun., 6, 6869, doi:10.1038/ncomms7869. IPRC-1102.
Kilpatrick, T.J., and S.-P. Xie, 2015: ASCAT observations of downdrafts from mesoscale convective systems. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42 (6), 1951-1958, doi:10.1002/2015GL063025. IPRC-1109.
Mei, W., M. Lie, I.-I. Lin, and S.-P. Xie, 2015: Tropical cyclone-induced ocean response: A comparative study of the South China Sea and tropical Northwest Pacific Ocean. J. Climate, 28 (15), 5952-5968, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00651.1. IPRC-1115.
Mei, W., S.-P. Xie, M. Zhao, and Y. Wang, 2015: Forced and internal variability of tropical cyclone track density in the Western North Pacific. J. Climate, 28 (1), 143-167, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00164.1. IPRC-1140.
Xie, S.-P., C. Deser, G.A. Vecchi, M. Collins, T.L. Delworth, A. Hall, E. Hawkins, N.C. Johnson, et al., 2015: Towards predictive understanding of regional climate change. Nature Climate Change, 5, 921-930, doi:10.1038/nclimate2689. IPRC-1122.

2014

Li, G., and S.-P. Xie, 2014: Tropical Biases in CMIP5 Multimodel Ensemble: The Excessive Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue and Double ITCZ Problems. J. Climate, 27 (4), 1765-1780, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00337.1. IPRC-1036.
Li, J., S.-P. Xie, and E.R. Cook, 2014: El Niño phases embedded in Asian and North American drought reconstructions. Quaternary Science Reviews, 85, 20-34, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.11.014. IPRC-1026.
Liu, J.-W., S.-P. Xie, J.R. Norris, and S.-P. Zhang, 2014: Low-Level Cloud Response to the Gulf Stream Front in Winter Using CALIPSO. J. Climate, 27 (12), 4421-4432, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00469.1. IPRC-1055.
Maloney, E.D., N.C. Johnson, S.-P. Xie, et al., 2014: North American climate in CMIP5 experiments: Part III: Assessment of 21st Century projections. J. Climate, 27 (6), 2230-2270, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00273.1. IPRC-1030.

2013

Huang, P., S.-P. Xie, K. Hu, G. Huang, and R. Huang, 2013: Patterns of the seasonal response of tropical rainfall to global warming Nature Geoscience, 6, 357-361, doi:10.1038/NGEO1792. IPRC-977.
Ito, H., N.C. Johnson, and S.-P. Xie, 2013: Subseasonal and interannual temperature variability in relation to extreme temperature occurrence over East Asia. J. Climate, 26 (22), 9026-9042, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00676.1. IPRC-994.
Kosaka, Y., and S.-P. Xie, 2013: Recent global-warming hiatus tied to equatorial Pacific surface cooling. Nature, 501, 403-407, doi:10.1038/nature12534. IPRC-1005.
Kosaka, Y., S.-P. Xie, N.-C. Lau, and G.A. Vecchi, 2013: Origin of seasonal predictability for summer climate over the Northwestern Pacific. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110 (19), 7574-7579, doi:10.1073/pnas.1215582110. IPRC-978.
Li, J., S.-P. Xie, E. Cook, M. Morales, D. Christie, N.C. Johnson, F. Chen, R. D'Arrigo, A. Fowler, X. Gou, and K. Fang, 2013: El Niño modulations over the past seven centuries. Nature Climate Change, 3, 822-826, doi:10.1038/nclimate1936. IPRC-987.
Liu, J.-W., S.-P. Zhang, and S.-P. Xie, 2013: Two Types of Surface Wind Response to the East China Sea Kuroshio Front. J. Climate, 26 (21), 8616-8627, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00092.1. IPRC-1003.
Ogata, T., S.-P. Xie, A. Wittenberg, and D.-Z. Sun, 2013: Interdecadal Amplitude Modulation of El Niño/Southern Oscillation and its Impacts on Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability J. Climate, 26 (18), 7280-7297, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00415.1. IPRC-1001.
Park, H.-S., S.-P. Xie, and S.-W. Son, 2013: Poleward stationary eddy heat transport by the Tibetan Plateau and equatorward shift of westerlies during northern winter. J. Atmos. Sci., 70 (10), 3288–3301, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-039.1. IPRC-985.
Sheffield, J., S.J. Camargo, R. Fu, Q. Hu, X. Jiang, N.C. Johnson, S.-P. Xie, et al., 2013: North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments. Part II: Evaluation of Historical Simulations of Intraseasonal to Decadal Variability. J. Climate, 26 (23), 9247-9290, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00593.1. IPRC-993.
Tomita, H., S.-P. Xie, H. Tokinaga, and Y. Kawai, 2013: Cloud response to the meandering Kuroshio Extension front. J. Climate, 26 (23), 9393-9398, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00133.1. IPRC-1008.
Xie, S.-P., B. Lu, and B. Xiang, 2013: Similar spatial patterns of climate responses to aerosol and greenhouse gas changes. Nature Geoscience, 6, 828-832, doi:10.1038/NGEO1931. IPRC-1022.
Zheng, X.-T., S.-P. Xie, Y. Du, L. Liu, G. Huang, and Q. Liu, 2013: Indian Ocean Dipole Response to Global Warming in the CMIP5 Multimodel Ensemble. J. Climate, 26 (16), 6067-6080, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00638.1. IPRC-954.

2011

Chowdary, J.S., S.-P. Xie, J.-J. Luo, J. Hafner, S. Behera, Y. Masumoto, and T. Yamagata, 2011: Predictability of Northwest Pacific climate during summer and the role of the tropical Indian Ocean. Clim. Dyn., 36 (607), 621. IPRC-640.
Du, Y., L. Yang, and S.-P. Xie, 2011: Tropical Indian Ocean influence on Northwest Pacific tropical cyclones in summer following strong El Nino. J. Climate, 24, 315-322.
Cheng, X., S.-P. Xie, H. Tokinaga, and Y. Du, 2011: Interannual variability of high-wind occurrence over the North Atlantic. J. Climate, 24, 6515-6527.
Kosaka,Y., S.-P. Xie, and H. Nakamura, 2011: Dynamics of interannual variability in summer precipitation over East Asia. J. Climate, 24 (20) 5435-5453.
Li, J., S.-P. Xie, E. R. Cook, G. Huang, R. D. Arrigo, F. Liu, J. Ma, and X.-T. Zheng, 2011: Interdecadal modulation of El Niño amplitude during the past millennium. Nature Climate Change, 1 (2), 114-118.
Ogata, T., and S.-P. Xie, 2011: Semiannual cycle in zonal wind over the equatorial Indian Ocean. J. Climate, 24, 6471-6485.
Seo, H. and S.-P. Xie, 2011: Response and impact of equatorial ocean dynamics and tropical instability waves in the tropical Atlantic under global warming: A regional coupled downscaling study. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, C03026, doi:10.1029/2010JC006670.
Small, R.J., S.-P. Xie, E.D. Maloney, S.P. deSzoeke, and T. Miyama, 2011: Intraseasonal variability in the far-east Pacific: Investigation of the role of air-sea coupling in a regional coupled model. Clim. Dyn., 36, 867-890, 10.1007/s00382-010-0786-2.
Tanimoto, Y., T. Kanenari, H. Tokinaga, and S.-P. Xie, 2011: Sea level pressure minimum along the Kuroshio and its extension. J. Climate, 24, 4419-4434, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI4062.1.
Tokinaga, H., and S.-P. Xie, 2011: Wave and Anemometer-based Sea-surface Wind (WASWind) for climate change analysis. J. Climate, 24, 267-285.
Tokinaga, H., and S.-P. Xie, 2011: Weakening of the equatorial Atlantic cold tongue over the past six decades. Nature Geoscience, 4 (4), 222-226, doi:10.1038/ngeo1078.
Wang, G., S.-P. Xie, T. Qu, and R.-X. Huan, 2011: Deep South China Sea circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L05601.
Wang, L., Y. Wang, A. Lauer, and S.-P. Xie, 2011: Simulation of seasonal variation of marine boundary layer clouds over the eastern Pacific with a regional climate model. J. Climate, 24, 3190-3210.
Xu, H., M. Xu, S.-P. Xie, and Y. Wang, 2011: Deep atmospheric response to the spring Kuroshio Current over the East China Sea. J. Climate, 24, 4959-4972.
Yu, W., W. Han, E. Maloney, D. Gochis, and S.-P. Xie, 2011: Observations of eastward propagation of atmospheric intraseasonal oscillations from the Pacific to the Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D02101, doi:10.1029/2010JD014336.
Zhang, S.-J., W. Liu, S.-P. Xie, and X. Meng, 2011: The formation of a surface anticyclone over Yellow and East China Seas in spring. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 89, 119-131, DOI:10.2151/jmsj.2011-202.
Zheng, X.-T., S.-P. Xie, and Q. Liu, 2011: Response of the Indian Ocean basin mode and its capacitor effect to global warming. J. Climate, 24, 6146-6164.

2010

Chelton, D.B., and S.-P. Xie, 2010: Coupled ocean-atmosphere interaction at oceanic mesoscales. Oceanography, 23 (4), 52-69.
Chowdary, J.S., S.-P. Xie, J.-Y. Lee, Y. Kosaka, and B. Wang, 2010: Predictability of summer Northwest Pacific climate in 11 coupled model hindcasts: Local and remote forcing. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D22121, doi:10.1029/2010JD014595.
Huang, G., K. Hu, and S.-P. Xie, 2010: Strengthening of tropical Indian Ocean teleconnection to the Northwest Pacific since the mid-1970s: An atmospheric GCM study. J. Climate, 23, 5294-5304. doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3577.
Johnson, N.C., and S.-P. Xie, 2010: Changes in the sea surface temperature threshold for tropical convection. Nature Geoscience, 3 (12), 842-845.
Kuwano-Yoshida, A., S. Minobe, and S.-P. Xie, 2010: Precipitation Response to the Gulf Stream in an Atmospheric GCM. J. Climate, 23, 3676-3698, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3261.1.
Lubbecke, J.F., C.W. Boning, N.S. Keenlyside, and S.-P. Xie, 2010: On the connection between Benguela and equatorial Atlantic Niños and the role of the South Atlantic Anticyclone. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 115, C09015, doi:10.1029/2009JC005964.
Matsumura, S., G. Huang, S.-P. Xie, and K. Yamazaki, 2010: SST-forced and internal variability of the atmosphere in an ensemble GCM simulation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 88, 43-62.
Minobe, S., M. Miyashita, A. Kuwano-Yoshida, H. Tokinaga, and S.-P. Xie, 2010: Atmospheric response to the Gulf Stream: Seasonal variations. J. Climate, 23, 3699-3719.
Richter, I., and S.-P. Xie, 2010: Moisture transport from the Atlantic to the Pacific basin and its response to North Atlantic cooling and global warming. Climate Dynamics, 35, 551-566, DOI: 10.1007/s00382-009-0708-3.
Sampe, T., and S.-P. Xie, 2010: Large-scale dynamics of the Meiyu-Baiu rain band: Environmental forcing by the westerly jet. J. Climate, 23, 113-134.
Sasaki, H., S.-P. Xie, B. Taguchi, M. Nonaka, and Y. Masumoto, 2010: Seasonal variations of the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent induced by the meridional migration of the trade winds. Ocean Dynamics, 60, 705-715, DOI: 10.1007/s10236-009-0258-6.
Taguchi, B., B. Qiu, M. Nonaka, H. Sasaki, N. Schneider, and S.-P. Xie, 2010: Decadal variability of the Kuroshio Extension: Mesoscale eddies and recirculations. Ocean Dynamics, 60 (3), 673-691.
Tanimoto, Y., T. Kajitani, H. Okajima, and S-P Xie, 2010: A peculiar feature of the seasonal migration of the South American rain band. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 88, 79-90.
Wu, S., L. Wu, Q. Liu, and S.-P. Xie, 2010: Development processes of the tropical Pacific meridional mode. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 27 (1), doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8067-x.
Xie, S.-P., C. Deser, G.A. Vecchi, J. Ma, H. Teng, and A.T. Wittenberg, 2010: Global warming pattern formation: Sea surface temperature and rainfall. J. Climate, 23, 966-986.
Xie, S.-P., Y. Du, G. Huang, X.-T. Zheng, H. Tokinaga, K. Hu, and Q. Liu, 2010: Decadal Shift in El Niño Influences on Indo-Western Pacific and East Asian Climate in the 1970s. J. Climate, 2, 3352-3368, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3429.1.
Xu, H., H. Tokinaga, and S.-P. Xie, 2010: Atmospheric Effects of the Kuroshio Large Meander during 2004-05. J. Climate, 23, 4704-4715.
Zheng, X.-T., S.-P. Xie, G.A. Vecchi, Q. Liu, and J. Hafner, 2010: Indian Ocean dipole response to global warming: Analysis of ocean-atmospheric feedbacks in a coupled model. J. Climate, 23 (5), 1240-1253.
Zhuang, W., S.-P. Xie, D. Wang, B. Taguchi, H. Aiki, and H. Sasaki, 2010: Intraseasonal variability in sea surface height over the South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 115, C04010, doi:10.1029/2009JC005647.

2009

Chowdary, J.S., C. Gnanaseelan, and S.-P. Xie, 2009: Westward propagation of barrier layer formation in the 2006-07 Rossby wave event over the tropical Southwest Indian ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L04607, doi:10.1029/2008GL036642.
Du, Y., S.-P. Xie, G. Huang, and K. Hu, 2009: Role of air-sea interaction in the long persistence of El Niño-induced North Indian Ocean warming. J. Climate, 22 (8), 2023-2038.
Richards, K.J., S.-P. Xie, and T. Miyama, 2009: Vertical mixing in the ocean and its impact on the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 22 (13), 3703-3719.
Schott, F.A., S.-P. Xie, and J.P. McCreary, Jr., 2009: Indian Ocean circulation and climate variability. Rev. Geophys., 47, RG1002, doi:10.1029/2007RG000245.
Seo, H., S.-P. Xie, R. Murtugudde, M. Jochum, and A.J. Miller, 2009: Seasonal effects of Indian Ocean freshwater forcing in a regional coupled model. J. Climate, 22, 6577-6596.
Small, R.J., K.J. Richards, S.-P. Xie, P. Dutrieux, and T. Miyama, 2009: Damping of Tropical Instability Waves caused by the action of surface currents on stress. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 114, C04009, doi:10.1029/2008JC005147.
Taguchi, B., H. Nakamura, M. Nonaka, and S.-P. Xie, 2009: Influences of the Kuroshio/Oyashio Extensions on air-sea heat exchanges and storm-track activity as revealed in regional atmospheric model simulations for the 2003/4 cold season. J. Climate, 22 (24), 6536-6560.
Tanimoto, Y., S.-P. Xie, K. Kai, H. Okajima, H. Tokinaga, T. Murayama, M. Nonaka, and H. Nakamura, 2009: Observations of marine atmospheric boundary layer transitions across the summer Kuroshio Extension. J. Climate, 22 (6), 1360-1374.
Tokinaga, H., Y. Tanimoto, S.-P. Xie, T. Sampe, H. Tomita, and H. Ichikawa, 2009: Ocean frontal effects on the vertical development of clouds over the western North Pacific: In situ and satellite observations. J. Climate, 22 (16), 4241-4260.
Tokinaga, H., and S.-P. Xie, 2009: Ocean tidal cooling effect on summer sea fog over the Okhotsk Sea. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D14102, doi:10.1029/2008JD011477.
Ueda, H., M. Ohba, and S.-P. Xie, 2009: Important factors for the development of the Asian-Northwest Pacific summer monsoon. J. Climate, 22 (3), 649-669 DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2341.1.
Xie, S.-P., K. Hu, J. Hafner, H. Tokinaga, Y. Du, G. Huang, and T. Sampe, 2009: Indian Ocean capacitor effect on Indo-western Pacific climate during the summer following El Nino. J. Climate, 22 (3), 730-747, DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2544.1.
Zeng, L., Y. Du, S.-P. Xie, and D. Wang, 2009: Barrier Layer in the South China Sea during summer 2000. Dyn. Atmos. and Oceans, 47 (1-3), 38-54.
Zhang, S.-P., S.-P. Xie, Q.-Y. Liu, Y.-Q., Yang, X.-G. Wang, and Z.-P. Ren, 2009: Seasonal variations of Yellow Sea fog: Observations and mechanisms. J. Climate, 22 (24), 6758-6772.

2008

de Szoeke, and S.-P. Xie, 2008: The tropical eastern Pacific seasonal cycle: Assessment of errors and mechanisms in IPCC AR4 coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models. J. Climate, 20, 2573-2590.
Du, Y., and S.-P. Xie, 2008: Role of atmospheric adjustments in the tropical Indian Ocean warming during the 20th century in climate models. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L08712, doi:10.1029/2008GL033631.
Kobashi, F., S.-P. Xie, N. Iwasaka, and T. Sakamoto, 2008: Deep atmospheric response to the North Pacific oceanic subtropical front in spring. J. Climate, 21, 5960-5975.
Minobe, S., A. Kuwano-Yoshida, N. Komori, S.-P. Xie, and R.J. Small, 2008. Influence of the Gulf Stream on the troposphere. Nature, 452, 206-209.
Nakamura, H., T. Sampe, A. Goto, W. Ohfuchi, S-P Xie, 2008: On the importance of midlatitude oceanic frontal zones for the mean state and dominant variability in the tropospheric circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L15709, doi:10.1029/2008GL034010.
Richter, I., and S.-P. Xie, 2008: On the origin of equatorial Atlantic biases in coupled general circulation models. Climate Dynamics, 31 (5), 587-598.
Richter, I., and S.-P. Xie, 2008: The Muted Precipitation Increase in Global Warming Simulations: A Surface Evaporation Perspective. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,113, D24118, doi:10.1029/2008JD010561.
Small, R.J., S.P. deSzoeke, S.-P. Xie, L. O'Neill, H. Seo, Q. Song, P. Cornillon, M. Spall, and S. Minobe, 2008: Air-sea interaction over ocean fronts and eddies. Dyn. Atmos. and Oceans, 45, (3-4), 274-319.
Wu, L., C. Li, C. Yang, and S.-P. Xie, 2008: Global teleconnections in response to a shutdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. J. Climate, 21 (12), 3002-3019.
Xie, S.-P., Y. Okumura, T. Miyama, and A. Timmermann, 2008: Influences of Atlantic climate change on the tropical Pacific via the Central American Isthmus. J. Climate, 21 (15), 3914-3928.
Xu, H., S.-P. Xie, Y. Wang, W. Zhuang, and D. Wang, 2008: Orographic effects on South China Sea summer climate. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 100, 275-289.
Yang Y., J. Ma, and S.-P. Xie, 2008: Observations of the trade wind wakes of Kauai and Oahu. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L04807, doi:10.1029/2007GL031742.
Yang, Y., S.-P. Xie, and J. Hafner, 2008: Cloud patterns lee of Hawaii Island: A synthesis of satellite observations and numerical simulation. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 35, L04807, doi:10.1029/2008JD009889.
Yang, Y., S.-P. Xie, and J. Hafner, 2008: The thermal wake of Kauai Island: Satellite observations and numerical simulations. J. Climate, 21, 4568-4586.
de Szoeke, S.P., S.-P. Xie, T. Miyama, K.J. Richards, and R.J.O. Small: What maintains the SST front north of the eastern Pacific equatorial cold tongue? J. Climate, 20, 2500-2514.

2007

Okajima, H., and S.-P. Xie, 2007: Orographic effects on the northwestern Pacific monsoon: Role of air-sea interaction. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L21708, doi:10.1029/2007GL032206.
Pahnke, K., J. Sachs, L. Keigwin, A. Timmermann, and S.-P. Xie, 2007: Eastern tropical Pacific hydrological changes during the past 27,000 years from D/H ratios in alkenones. Paleoceanography, 22, PA4214, doi:10.1029/2007PA001468.
Small, R.J., S.P. deSzoeke, and S.-P. Xie, 2007: The Central American Mid-summer Drought: regional aspects and large scale forcing. J. Climate, 20, 4853-4873.
Taguchi, B., S.-P. Xie, N. Schneider, M. Nonaka, H. Sasaki, and Y. Sasai, 2007: Decadal variability of the Kuroshio Extension: Observations and an eddy-resolving model hindcast. J. Climate, 20 (11), 2357-2377.
Timmermann, A., S. Lorenz, S.-I. An, A. Clement, and S.-P. Xie, 2007: The effect of orbital forcing on the mean climate and variability of the tropical Pacific, J. Climate, 20, 4147-4149.
Timmermann, A., Y. Okumura, S.-I. An, A. Clement, B. Dong, E. Guilyardi, A. Hu, J.H. Jungclaus, M. Renold, T.F. Stocker, R.J. Stouffer, R. Sutton, S.-P. Xie, and J. Yin, 2007: The influence of a shutdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on ENSO. J. Climate, 20, 4899-4919.
Xie, S.-P., C.-S. Chang, Q. Xie, and D. Wang, 2007: Intraseasonal variability in the summer South China Sea: The wind jet, cold filament, and recirculations. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 112, doi:10.1029/2007JC004238.
Xie, S.-P., T. Miyama, Y. Wang, H. Xu, S.P. de Szoeke, R.J. Small, K.J. Richards, T. Mochizuki, and T. Awaji, 2007: A regional ocean-atmosphere model for eastern Pacific climate: Towards reducing tropical biases. J. Climate, 20, 1504-1522.
Yang, J., Q. Liu, S.-P. Xie, Z. Liu, and L. Wu, 2007: Impact of the Indian Ocean SST basin mode on the Asian summer monsoon. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L02708, doi: 10.1029/2006GL028571.

2006

Lin, X., S.-P. Xie, X. Chen, and L. Xu, 2006: A well-mixed warm water column in the central Bohai Sea in summer: Effects of tidal and surface wave mixing. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 111, C11017, doi: 10.1029/2005JC003504. IPRC-398.
de Szoeke, S.P., Y. Wang, S.-P. Xie, and T. Miyama, 2006: The effect of shallow cumulus convection on the eastern Pacific climate in a coupled model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17713.
Kobashi, F., H. Mitsudera, and S.-P. Xie, 2006: Three subtropical fronts in the North Pacific: Observational evidence for mode water-induced subsurface frontogensis, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 111, C09033, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003479.
Nonaka, M., J.P. McCreary, and S.-P. Xie, 2006: Influence of midlatitude winds on the stratification of the equatorial thermocline. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36 (2), 222-237 DOI: 10.1175/JPO2845.1.
Okumura, Y., and S.-P. Xie, 2006: Some overlooked features of tropical Atlantic climate leading to a new Nino-like phenomenon. J. Climate, 19, 5859-5874.
Saji, N.H., S.-P. Xie, and C. -Y. Tam, 2006: Satellite observations of intense intraseasonal cooling events in the tropical south Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L14704, doi: 10.1029/2006GL026525.
Saji, N.H., S. -P. Xie, and T. Yamagata, 2006: Tropical Indian Ocean variability in the IPCC twentieth-century climate simulations. J. Climate, 19 (17), 4397-4417 DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3847.1.
Tokinaga, H., Y. Tanimoto, M. Nonaka, B. Taguchi, T. Fukamachi, S.-P. Xie, H. Nakamura, T. Watanabe, and I. Yasuda, 2006: Atmospheric sounding over the winter Kuroshio Extension: Effect of surface stability on atmospheric boundary layer structure. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L04703, doi:10.1029/2005GL025102.
Xie, S.-P., H. Xu, N.H. Saji, Y. Wang, and W.T. Liu, 2006: Role of narrow mountains in large-scale organization of Asian monsoon convection. J. Climate, 19 (14) 3420-3429 DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3777.1.

2000-2005

Annamalai, H., P. Liu, and S.-P. Xie, 2005: Southwest Indian Ocean SST variability: Its local effect and remote influence on Asian Monsoons. J. Climate, 18, 4150-4167.
Annamalai, H., S.-P. Xie, J.P. McCreary, and R. Murtugudde, 2005: Impact of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature on developing El Niño. J. Climate, 18, 302-319.
Liu, Q., S.-P. Xie, L. Li, and N.A. Maximenko, 2005: Ocean thermal advective effect on the annual range of sea surface temperature.Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L24604, doi:10.1029/2005GL024493.
Small, R.J., S.-P. Xie, and J. Hafner, 2005: Satellite observations of mesoscale ocean features and co-propagating atmospheric surface fields in the tropical belt. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 110, doi:10.1029/2004JC002598.
Small, R.J., S.-P. Xie, Y. Wang, S.K. Esbensen, and D. Vickers, 2005: Numerical simulation of boundary layer structure and cross-equatorial flow in the Eastern Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 62 (6), 1812-1830.
Taguchi, B., S.-P. Xie, H. Mitsudera, and A. Kubokawa, 2005: Response of the Kuroshio Extension to Rossby waves associated with the 1970s climate regime shift in a high-resolution ocean model. J. Climate, 18 (15), 2979-2995.
Tokinaga, H., Y. Tanimoto, and S.-P. Xie, 2005: SST-induced surface wind variations over the Brazil-Malvinas confluence: Satellite and in-situ observations. J. Climate, 18 (17), 3470-3482.
Wang, Y., S.-P. Xie, B. Wang, and H. Xu, 2005: Large-scale atmospheric forcing by Southeast Pacific boundary-layer clouds: A regional model study. J. Climate, 18, 934-951.
Xie, S.-P., H. Xu, W.S. Kessler, and M. Nonaka, 2005: Air-sea interaction over the eastern Pacific warm pool: Gap winds, thermocline dome, and atmospheric convection. J. Climate, 18, 5-25.
Xu, H., S.-P. Xie, and Y. Wang, 2005: Subseasonal variability of the Southeast Pacific stratus cloud deck. J. Climate, 18 (1), 131-142.
Xu, H., S.-P. Xie, Y. Wang, and J. Small, 2005: Effects of Central American mountains on the eastern Pacific winter ITCZ and moisture transport. J. Climate, 18 (18), 3856-3873.
Endoh, T., H. Mitsudera, S.-P. Xie, and B. Qiu, 2004: Thermohaline structure in the subarctic North Pacific simulated in a general circulation model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 360-371.
Fu, G., Y. Duan, X. Liang, and S.-P. Xie, 2004: Observations of a heavy rainfall event in Shanghai on 5 August 2001. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82, 1793-1803.
Hosoda, S., S.-P. Xie, K. Takeuchi, and M. Nonaka, 2004: Interdecadal temperature variations in the North Pacific central mode water simulated by an OGCM. J. Oceanogr., 60, 865-877.
Liu, Q., X. Jiang, S.-P. Xie, and W.T. Liu, 2004: A gap in the Indo-Pacific warm pool over the South China Sea in boreal winter: Seasonal development and interannual variability. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 109, C07012, doi:10.1029/2003JC002179.
Okumura, Y., and S.-P. Xie, 2004: Interaction of the Atlantic equatorial cold tongue and African monsoon. J. Climate, 17, 3588-3601.
Vecchi, G.A., S.-P. Xie, and A.S. Fischer, 2004: Ocean-atmosphere covariability in the western Arabian Sea. J. Climate, 17 (6), 1213-1224.
Wang, C., S.-P. Xie, and J.A. Carton, 2004: A global survey of ocean-atmosphere interaction and climate variability. In Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie and J.A. Carton (eds.), AGU Geophysical Monograph Series, 147, 1-19.
Wang, Y., S.-P. Xie, H. Xu, and B. Wang, 2004: Regional model simulations of marine boundary-layer clouds over the Southeast Pacific off South America. Part I: Control experiment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132 (1), 274-296.
Wang, Y., H. Xu, and S.-P. Xie, 2004: Regional model simulations of marine boundary-layer clouds over the Southeast Pacific off South America. Part II: Sensitivity Experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132 (11), 2650-2668.
Xie, S.-P., 2004: Satellite observations of cool ocean-atmosphere interaction. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 195-208.
Xie, S.-P., 2004: The shape of continents, air-sea interaction, and the rising branch of the Hadley circulation. In The Hadley Circulation: Past, Present and Future, H. F. Diaz and R. S. Bradley (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, NL, 121-152.
Xie, S.-P., and J.A. Carton, 2004: Tropical Atlantic variability: Patterns, mechanisms, and impacts. In Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie and J.A. Carton (eds.), AGU Geophysical Monograph, 147, 121-142.
Xu, H., Y. Wang, and S.-P. Xie, 2004: Effects of the Andes on eastern Pacific climate: A regional atmospheric model study. J. Climate, 17 (3), 589-602.
Annamalai, H., R. Murtugudde, J. Potemra, S.-P. Xie, P. Liu, and B. Wang, 2003: Coupled dynamics over the Indian Ocean: Spring initiation of the zonal mode. Deep Sea Research II, 50, 2305-2330.
Cronin, M.F., S.-P. Xie, and H. Hashizume, 2003: Barometric pressure variations associated with eastern Pacific tropical instability waves. J. Climate, 16, 3050-3057.
Fujiwara, M., S.-P. Xie, M. Shiotani, H. Hashizume, F. Hasebe, H. Vöemel, S.J. Oltmans, and T. Watanabe, 2003: Upper-tropospheric inversion and easterly jet in the tropics. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,108 (D24), 4797, doi:10.1029/2003JD003928.
Hafner, J., and S.-P. Xie, 2003: Far-field simulation of the Hawaiian wake: Sea surface temperature and orographic effects. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 3021-3032.
Inatsu, M., H. Mukougawa, and S.-P. Xie, 2003: Atmospheric response to zonal variations in mid-latitude SST: Transient and stationary eddies and their feedback. J. Climate, 16, 3314-3329.
Nonaka, M., and S.-P. Xie, 2003: Co-variations of sea surface temperature and wind over the Kuroshio and its extension: Evidence for ocean-to-atmospheric feedback. J. Climate, 16, 1404-1413.
Okajima, H., S.-P. Xie, and A. Numaguti, 2003: Interhemispheric coherence of tropical climate variability: Effect of climatological ITCZ. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 81, 1371-1386.
Small, J., S.-P. Xie , and Y. Wang, 2003: Numerical Simulation of Atmospheric Response to Pacific Tropical Instability Waves. J. Climate, 16 (22), 3722-3740.
Wu, R., and S.-P. Xie, 2003: Equatorial Pacific surface wind changes around 1977: NCEP-NCAR reanalysis versus COADS observation. J. Climate, 16, 167-173.
Xie, S.-P., Q. Xie, D.X. Wang, and W.T. Liu, 2003: Summer upwelling in the South China Sea and its role in regional climate variations. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 108, 3261, doi: 2003JC001867.
Yu, Z., N. Maximenko, S.-P. Xie, and M. Nonaka, 2003: On the termination of the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 (5), 1215, doi:10.1029/2002GL016710.
Hashizume, H., S.-P. Xie, M. Fujiwara, M. Shiotani, T. Watanabe, Y. Tanimoto, W.T. Liu, and K. Takeuchi, 2002: Direct observations of atmospheric boundary layer response to SST variations associated with tropical instability waves over the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 15, 3379-3393
Inatsu, M., H. Mukougawa, and S.-P. Xie, 2002: Stationary eddy response to surface boundary forcing: Idealized GCM experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1898-1915.
Inatsu, M., H. Mukougawa, and S.-P. Xie, 2002: Tropical and extratropical SST effects on the midlatitude storm track. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 80, 1069-1076.
Kubokawa, A., and S.-P. Xie, 2002: Steady response of a ventilated thermocline to enhanced Ekman pumping. J. Oceanogr., 58, 565-575.
Tanimoto, Y., and S.-P. Xie, 2002: Inter-hemispheric decadal variations in SST, surface wind, heat flux and cloud cover over the Atlantic Ocean. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 80, 1199-1219.
Tomita, T., S.-P. Xie, and M. Nonaka, 2002: Estimates of surface and subsurface forcing for decadal sea surface temperature variability in the mid-latitude North Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan., 80, 1289-1300.
Nonaka, M., S.-P. Xie, and J.P. McCreary, 2002: Decadal variations in the Subtropical Cells and equatorial Pacific SST. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (10.1029), 2001GL013676.
Qu, T., S.-P. Xie, H. Mitsudera, and A. Ishida, 2002: Subduction of the North Pacific mode waters in a global high-resolution GCM. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32 (3), 746-763.
Xie, S.-P., H. Annamalai, F.A. Schott, and J.P. McCreary, 2002: Structure and mechanisms of South Indian Ocean climate variability. J. Climate, 15, 864--878.
Xie, S.-P., J. Hafner, Y. Tanimoto, W.T. Liu, H. Tokinaga, and H. Xu, 2002: Bathymetric effect on the winter sea surface temperature and climate of the Yellow and East China Seas. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 2228, doi:10.1029/2002GL015884.
Hashizume, H., S.-P. Xie, W.T. Liu, and K.Takeuchi, 2001: Local and remote atmospheric response to tropical instability waves: A global view from space. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 10,173-10,185.
Hosoda, S., S.-P. Xie, K. Takeuchi, and M. Nonaka, 2001: Eastern North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water in a GCM: Formation mechanism and salinity effects. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 106, 19,671-19,681.
Okumura, Y., S.-P. Xie, A. Numaguti, and Y. Tanimoto, 2001: Tropical Atlantic air-sea interaction and its influence on the NAO. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1507-1510.
Xie, S.-P., W.T. Liu, Q. Liu, and M. Nonaka, 2001: Far-reaching effects of the Hawaiian Islands on the Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere. Science, 292, 2057-2060.
Xie, S.-P., and K. Saito, 2001: Formation and variability of a northerly ITCZ in a hybrid coupled AGCM: Continental forcing and ocean-atmospheric feedback. J. Climate, 14, 1262-1276.
Inatsu, M., H. Mukougawa, and S.-P. Xie, 2000: Formation of subtropical westerly jet in GCMs without mountains. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 529-532.
Liu, T.W., X. Xie, P. Polito, S.-P. Xie, and H. Hashizume, 2000: Atmospheric manifestations of tropical instability waves observed by QuikSCAT and Tropical Rain Measuring Mission. Geophys. Res., Lett., 27, 2545-2548.
Nonaka, M., and S.-P. Xie, 2000: Propagation of North Pacific interdecadal subsurface temperature anomalies in an ocean GCM. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3747-3750.
Nonaka, M., S.-P. Xie, and K. Takeuchi, 2000: Equatorward spreading of a passive tracer with application to North Pacific interdecadal temperature variations. J. Oceanogr., 56, 173-183.

1989-1999

Tanimoto, Y., and S.-P. Xie, 1999: Ocean-atmospheric variability over the pan-Atlantic basin. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 77, 31-46.
Xie, S.-P., 1999: A dynamic ocean-atmosphere model of the tropical Atlantic decadal variability. J. Climate, 12, 64-70.
Xie, S.-P., H. Noguchi, and S. Matsumura, 1999: A hemispheric-scale quasi-decadal oscillation and its signature in northern Japan. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 77, 573-582.
Xie, S.-P., T. Kunitani, A. Kubokawa, M. Nonaka, and S. Hosoda, 2000: Interdecadal thermocline variability in the North Pacific for 1958-1997: A GCM simulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 2798-2813.
Xie, S.-P., and N. Saiki, 1999: Abrupt onset and slow seasonal evolution of summer monsoon in an idealized GCM simulation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 77, 949-968.
Xie, S.-P., Y. Tanimoto, H. Noguchi, and T. Matsuno, 1999: How and why climate variability differs between the tropical Pacific and Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1609-1612.
Xie, S.-P., M. Ishiwatari, H. Hashizume, and K. Takeuchi, 1998: Coupled ocean-atmospheric waves on the equatorial front. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3863-3866.
Xie, S.-P., and Y. Tanimoto, 1998: A pan-Atlantic decadal climate oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2185-2188.
Xie, S.-P., 1998: Ocean-atmosphere interaction in the making of the Walker circulation and the equatorial cold tongue, J. Climate, 11, 189-201.
Xie, S.-P., and M. Seki, 1997: Causes of equatorial asymmetry in sea surface temperature over the eastern Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2581-2584.
Xie, S.-P., 1997: Stability of equatorially symmtetric and asymmetric climates under annual solar forcing. Q.J.R. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1359-1375.
Xie, S.-P., 1997: Ocean-atmosphere interaction in the formation of equatorial asymmtery of the tropical climate: Yamamoto-Shyono Medal Lecture. Tenki (Bull. Meteor. Soc. Japan), 44, 389-398 (in Japanese).
Xie, S.-P., 1997: Unstable transition of the tropical climate to an equatorially asymmetric state in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 667-679.
Xie, S.-P., 1996: Effects of seasonal solar forcing on latitudinal asymmetry of the ITCZ. J. Climate, 9, 2945-2950.
Xie, S.-P., 1996: Westward propagation of latitudinal asymmetry in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3236-3250.
Xie, S.-P., 1995: Interaction between the annual and interannual variations in the equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1930-1941.
Xie, S.-P., 1994: On the genesis of the equatorial annual cycle. J. Climate, 7, 2008-2013.
Xie, S.-P., 1994: The maintenance of an equatorially asymmetric state in a hybrid coupled GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2602-2612.
Xie, S.-P., 1994: Oceanic response to the wind forcing associated with an ITCZ in the northern hemisphere. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 99, 20393-20402.
Xie, S.-P., 1994: On preferred zonal scale of wave-CISK with conditional heating. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 72, 19-30.
Xie, S.-P., and S.G.H. Philander, 1994: A coupled ocean-atmosphere model of relevance to the ITCZ in the eastern Pacific. Tellus, 46A, 340-350.
Liu, Z., and S.-P. Xie, 1994: Equatorward propagation of coupled air-sea disturbances with application to the annual cycle of the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3807-3822.
Xie, S.-P., A. Kubokawa, and K. Hanawa, 1993: Evaporation-wind feedback and the organizing of tropical convection on the planetary scale. Part I: Quasi-linear instability. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3873-3883.
Xie, S.-P., A. Kubokawa, and K. Hanawa, 1993: Evaporation-wind feedback and the organizing of tropical convection on the planetary scale. Part II: Nonlinear evolution. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3884-3893.
Xie, S.-P., and A. Kubokawa, 1990: On the wave-CISK in the presence of a frictional boundary layer. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 68, 651-657.
Xie, S.-P., A. Kubokawa, and K. Hanawa, 1989: Oscillations with two feedback processes in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate, 2, 946-964.